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Swaziland sugar is among the countries leading agricultural export. It is Africa’s fourth-largest and the world’s twenty-fifth largest producer of sugar. Almost all its production is done in the Lowveld region under irrigation. Sugar cane farmers are divided into four main categories; the large scale farmers, the medium-scale farmers, the smallholder farmers, and the miler owned estates who are the most prominent players in the sugar export industry.

The sugar industry has significantly contributed to the development of Swaziland’s agricultural sector as well as the economy. About sixty percent of agricultural output and ten percent of the gross domestic product in Swaziland is owed to sugar farming.

The sugar cane plant is the source of sugar, known scientifically as Saccharum officinarum. Sugar cane is crushed to extract the juice which is treated, filtered and boiled in pans made of galvanized metal sheets. Once it is heated, the pans are moved from the heat and stirred vigorously until uniform crystallization is formed.

Sucrose is the scientific name for sugar which means half glucose and half fructose; that is starch and sweetness. It is so known by other names such as cane sugar, caramel, or cane juice, depending on the part of the world.

Sugar is used to enhance the taste in food and beverages. It is also used as a preservative and to provide texture and structure in food.

The sugarcane plant is a tropical plant that is a perennial grass. It can grow up to 4.25meters tall and is about 5.1m thick in diameter when ripe. The sugar cane plant forms lateral shoots at the base to produce multiple stems. Ground sugar has fine particles of about 50 microns.

Swaziland has the primary sugar mills; Simunye, Ubombe and Mhlumme. All sugar cane growers and millers in the country are presented by the Swaziland cane growers association and the Swaziland sugar millers association, respectively. These associations are responsible for providing necessary support to promote development in the sugar industry

There are three main types of sugar produced in Swaziland. These include;

• Very high polarization sugar: this is golden coloured, dry, and free-flowing sugar that has homogenous crystals with grains that are 0.60-0.85mm. it has 0.12 percent of moisture when packed.
• Refined sugar: this type of sugar is characterized by white granular crystals with 0.4 percent moisture when packed. Its crystals are also homogenous, and its grains are about 0.45 to 0.65 mm
• Raw sugar: this sugar is golden in colour with a particle size of 0.6mm. It contains 0.22 percent of moisture.

 Swaziland is highly dependent on surface waters, such as rivers for irrigation. This makes it prone to drought. Sugarcane does well in areas with an average of 1200mm of rain each year with deep, fertile, well-drained soils.

There are two main sugarcane planting seasons in Swaziland, autumn and spring. The crop does not do well in extreme weather conditions, instead, it requires a moderate amount of rainfall and temperature for it to flourish. 

Sugarcane can bear little or no rainfall on the onset of germination. However, once the canopy is formed, reduced rainfall and generally any adverse change in climatic conditions will lead to slow growth and development.

Processed sugar should be stored in a cool, dry place. Exposure to moisture makes sugar lumpy, rendering it difficult to use. For health safety purposes,  ensure you store sugar away from any form of contamination and away from any goods with a strong odour.

Sugar is stored in polythene bags and jute bags and later loaded in cartons that are lined with foil to await shipping. The polythene bags are labelled with the product name, country of produce and manufacture and expiry date. It is vital to handle the packaged sugar with care to avoid spillage upon tear.

Sugar is transported using trucks, rail, road, or air observing the correct humidity levels to uphold the quality of sugar for high market value. It is essential to ensure the transport containers are clean, well ventilated, and free from any leaks.

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