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Cotton is a dicotyledonous plant with an erect stem. It grows best in the loamy soils. Its stem is soft and woody with spirally arranged stems. The cotton plant has a taproot system. Its fruit is a soft fluffy fibre that grows into a boll with a protective case around it. The cotton plant is a shrub about 40cm high and is usually made of cellulose. Its bolls are used in the manufacture of undergarments, T-shirts, socks, towels, denim, bathrobes, and many more.

Cotton was introduced to Niger in the 1950s by France colonial powers. Today, it accounts for most of the world market for Nigerien industrial agriculture. Since 200g cotton production in Niger has deteriorated gradually.

There are four major varieties of cotton in Niger.

1. Gossypium Hirsutum
2. Gossypium Arboreum
3. Gossypium Barbadense
4. Gossypium herbaceum

Gossypium hirtusum is characterized by short cotton fibres and is also the most common type. It is known otherwise as upland cotton and the most affordable for everyday products.

Gossypium barbadense, also known as Pima cotton, is considered the finest cotton on earth. It has extra-long fibres that make it extra soft and strong. It is resistant to fraying, wrinkling and fading.

Gossypium herbaceum is commonly known as Levant cotton. It is not very common. It has medicinal powers against headaches, fevers, haemorrhages and diarrhoea.

Gossypium arboretum is commonly known as tree cotton. It is mostly used to manufacture fabric muslin hence making it expensive.

Cotton planting season begins at around the month of May and takes about 70 days to maturity. It requires well-drained loamy soils and warm weather conditions for optimum growth.

Cotton harvesting starts in July and may extend all the way to November. The cotton bolls crack open, and the fluffy white cotton is exposed ready for harvest. Cotton is harvested by hand by twisting the bolls of the pod. Once harvested it is spread out in a cool, dry, dark, and aerated place. The seeds are separated from the cotton by hand and are ready for use locally. Cotton for commercial use is treated for spinning then packaged in polyethene bags for export.

In the year 2016, Niger exported a total of cotton worth USD 28M. The major importer of Niger cotton globally is India. However, Niger exports its cotton also to the neighbouring West African countries.

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