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The banana plant is a herbaceous flowering plant and belongs to genus Musa, of the family Musaceae. It is grown for its fleshy elongated, curved banana fruit. The plant is tall tropical and tree-like with a sturdy main pseudostem with leaves arranged spirally at the top. The leaves are large blades with pronounced central midrib and veins. They can reach up to 2.9 meters in length and up to 0.6 meters in width. The pseudostem produces a group of flowers which the fruits develop in a hanging cluster with up to 150 bananas. 

The banana fruits come in variable sizes, firmness and colour, which may be green, yellow, purple or red when ripe. Bananas can be eaten fresh or cooked or processed into flour which is used in baking, soups or beverages the flowers can be used as a vegetable, fresh leaves can be fed to cattle an also used in wrapping food. They are a source of energy and vitamins A, B6 and C, they also have high content of carbohydrates and fibre but are low in protein and fat 

Sudan bananas were first introduced by the missionaries and explorers in the 19th century. Today banana plants are prevalent in Sudan and are grown along the banks of river Nile and its tributaries and in Kassala area.

The following are varieties or cultivars of Sudan bananas:

1. Dwarf Cavendish bananas; they are the most popular bananas. Male bracts and flowers are not shed; they range about 15 to 25 cm in length and are thick-skinned. Each plant bears up to 95 fingers. 
2. Grand Nain; this cultivar is tall, higher in yield potential and less sensitive to cool temperature than Dwarf Cavendish

Sudan bananas grow best in hot and humid climates; they require rainfall of at least 1500 mm per year to survive and have a high light requirement. Banana plants grow optimally at 27 degrees Celsius and require a deep soil rich in organic matter which is well-drained and well aerated. The plants will grow optimally in soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. They are planted in September and harvested after nine months in April, young banana plants are very susceptible to extensive damage, and it is recommended to be planted insufficient shelter. Planting desired pieces of the plant are usually planted 30 to 60 cm deep in the soil and should be generally planted at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the wet season. Bananas are often grown along with other crops with similar requirements.

They are harvested by hand when the fruit is ripe, the stems are cut down, and a wet sponge is placed between the bananas to protect from bumps and to bruise. They are covered in blue bags to keep insects at bay. Conventionally bananas are transported as whole bunches wrapped by banana leaves, use of polythene firm bags for packing whole bundles are the most suitable package to reduce wastage. For export, purpose bananas are transported in telescopic type corrugated fibreboard boxes of 18.5 kilograms with ventilated holes which are shipped to UAE, Japan, China and Italy.

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