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Papaya popularly known as pawpaw is a tropical fruit with a small deciduous tree that produces large yellowish-green fruit. Papaya has many benefits, including immunity-boosting, diabetes control, protection against arthritis, and improving digestion. Ghana papaya is cultivated on a large scale in the regions of greater Accra, central, eastern and volta. It has great export potential. Papaya farming has employed about 60 % labour force in Ghana and accounts for 60 % foreign earnings in the country.

Papaya farming was introduced to Ghana by Mexicans in the 19th century. Today it is cultivated almost in all regions of the country owing it to the warm and humid conditions.

There are three major types of papaya grown in Ghana.

1. Papaya F1 horizon

This is a hybrid variety with large fruits that weigh over 2kgs.In Ghana, it is grown for the local market but is exportable due to its good shelf life qualities. The trees are dwarf with a strong trunk that can support the weight of the large fruits. It is very productive and produces up to 30 fruits per harvest.

1. Papaya Amazone

This produces round fruits that are pear-shaped. It is has a very strong taste and scent and bears reddish-orange fruits. Its fruits are quite smaller and weigh from 500g to 1 kg.

The papaya plant grows in 3 sexes: male, female and hermaphrodite. The male produces only pollen, no fruits. The female produces small inedible fruits unless pollinated. The hermaphrodite can self-pollinate as its flowers contain both male and female reproductive parts.

The optimal temperature range for papaya in Ghana is between 25 degrees Celsius and 28 degrees Celcius. Production normally peaks between the month of August and October. Papaya grows and reproduces well on a wide variety of soil types. Under favourable conditions, the roots are responsible for nutrient uptake and are found almost at the top of the soil.

Papaya fruit is harvested after a colour break. This is after some yellowish colour starts appearing at the bottom of the fruit. However, farmers do not wait until the whole fruit is yellow as this will cause it to overripen and will not have any shelf life. The fruits are harvested 9 to 14 months after planting.

Most papaya fruits are short. Therefore harvesting can be done by hand while one is standing on the ground. If the plant is tall, harvesting aids such as ladders are necessary.

The fruits are packed in a single layer in telescopic corrugated fibreboard cartons. The stems are placed facing the bottom of the box. Each carton contains 6 to 12 fruits depending on their size.

Ghana exports some of its papayas to the neighbouring countries, e.g. Nigeria, Niger, Mali and Senegal. The rest is consumed locally.

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