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Egypt lemons are citrus fruits of the evergreen lemon tree. They are one of the main varieties from the mandarin citrus fruit group cultivated. The fruit is mainly rich in vitamin C but also contains other vitamins. Lemon juice is used in the seasoning of salads, soups, fish, and meat. It also makes lemon drinks like lemonade. The peel is zested and used as a spice in cooking and baking.

Lemon fruit’s origin is unknown, but it is thought to have first grown in Northeast India. It was produced in Europe during the Ancient Rome time. The fruit was introduced to Egypt around 700 A.D, and the popular lemonade drink is said to have originated in medieval Egypt. Lemons were later in literature recordings in the 10th century. The origin of the word lemon is said to be Middle Eastern. 

The Egypt lemons are a juicy, acidic rounded fruit with a thick skin. Lemon trees’ height is between 3 and 6 meters long, and leaves are between 6.25 and 11.25 centimetres long with the colour changing from red when young to green when mature. Lemon tree flowers are big and purple with 4 or 5 petals, each 2 centimetres long, while the fruit size differs according to the variety. The pulp is pale yellow and brightens when ripe with a distinctive aroma when cut. The lemon juice has an acidic percentage of between 5% to 6%, with a PH of 2.2. 

Lemon is grown in the Egyptian districts of Nubaria and New Valley and the governorates of Fayoum and Sharkia. The excellent climate and fertile soils of these areas, the availability of irrigation water provided by the Nile, and all year sunshine contribute immensely to the production of quality lemon fruits for Egypt’s local consumption and export.

Eureka, also known as citrus lemon, is a pink-fleshed lemon from an evergreen tree. The fruit is 5 centimetres in diameter, the peel is yellow and turns to pale yellow when mature. The fruit gets picked year-round, hence earning it the name ‘Four Seasons.’ It has a firm rind and skin, oily peel, and unique fragrance. The Egyptian limes are acidic lemons and serve as Egypt’s main variety. The fruit is small rounded with a diameter of between 2.5 to 5 centimetres. Sweet lime is sweet and mild-flavoured, which changes tastes in contact with air. It is grown on a small scale. Rough lime, this variety is not widely grown in Egypt.

Egypt lemons are sensitive to cold than all the other citrus trees. The trees can grow in almost all soil types but do extraordinary well in well-drained, slightly acidic soil. The trees require a lot of sunshine and a minimum temperature of 45°F.

Egypt lemon harvesting happens when the outer skin of the fruit is yellow, the fruit is firm, and between 2 to 3 inches in size. The fruits ripen between 4 to 12 months after flowering, and also after picking. Even though when left on the tree, the ripe fruit does not rot, it is not issued for too long, so it does not get squishy. The fruits are hand-picked or by the use of hand nippers. After harvesting, they get taken to Cairo, where they are processed and packaged in standard cartons of 15 kilograms each. In shipping, reefer containers are used under room temperature. Egypt exports lemons to The Gulf Regions, Russia, and Europe.

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