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Sudan sorghum, sorghum x drummondii is an annual grass with slender culms 3 to 9 mm thick reaching a height of 3 m. The light green leaves are 4 to 15b cm long and are very numerous. The inflorescence is panicles ending in short, and fragile raceme spikelets are paired, 6 to 7 cm long.  Sorghum is the food staple for most people living in Sudan except for the northern areas of Nahr al-nil and northern states. 

Sudan sorghum hybrid is unrivalled for adding organic matter to worn-out soils. These tall fast-growing heat-loving summer annual grasses can smother weeds, suppress some nematode species and penetrate compactible subsoil if mowed once, seed cost is modest, followed by legume cover top. Sudan sorghum hybrid is used as a source of food, feed and folder. 

Establishing the account of sorghum, Africa’s primary stable food has been difficult. The earliest record of wild sorghum comes from short-lived hunter and gatherer camps in Sahara dating to roughly 7500 BCE. However, the earliest known domesticated sorghum remained dated to 2000 to 1700 BCE and was found in India. Domesticated sorghum did not emerge again in Sudan until the later part of the first millennium leaving a gap of knowledge of more than 5000 years. However, Neolithic populations in Sudan figured out how to domesticate sorghum independent of an earlier cereal crop domestication in Egypt and Mesopotamia.

The dominant varieties grew the traditional feterita types, for example, Arfa Gadmek, Abdalla Mustafa and korollo. Dabar and tetron are produced on a limited scale. Some progressive farmers in south Gadarif grow improved variety tabat and Wad Amed

Sudan sorghum thrives in soil temperatures of about 17 degrees Celsius. It requires an average temperature of at least 25 degrees Celsius to produce highest grain yields, and utmost photosynthesis potential is achieved at daytime temperatures of 30 degrees Celsius. Sorghum is drought tolerant and can grow economically in low rainfall areas below 450 mm. There should be soil analysis for nutrient availability, and nitrogen fertilizers are the two primary sources of plant nutrition when enough water is available through a rainfall of irrigation. 

Planting period usually takes place in mid-June until mid-July harvesting is done in October to November. Most of the crops are manually harvested and left in the open air to dry until the green moisture content is below 10 percent. The grains stored at or below 14 percent moisture is considered dry. For long term storage, which is more than six months, grain moisture content should be a maximum of 13 percent. Sorghum is usually packed in bags of jute, cotton, woven polypropylene and multilayer paper of 90 kgs. Sudan exports sorghum to Europe and other African countries.

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