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Soybeans, Glycine max, is a herbaceous annual plant in the family Fabaceae grown for its edible seeds. The soybean plant is usually an erect bush with woody stems and alternately arranged leaves. The s plant produces small white or purple flowers and curved seed pods which 3-15cm long and can contain between 1 and 6 seeds. The soybeans come in a variety of colours which include yellow, green, brown, black or a mottled combination. It is an annual plant, surviving only one growing season and can reach heights of 0.2 to 1.5m.

Ghana Soybeans are used to make Soy flour, soybean paste and dairy substitutes such as milk, margarine, yoghurt and meat substitutes such as vegetable burgers. Oil can be extracted from both the seeds and the pods, and the by-product of the extraction is used as animal feed. Soybeans are high in protein and are a source of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and beneficial plant compounds such as isoflavones.

Soybeans were first grown in Ghana (at the time called Gold Coast) in 1909 by missionaries. The reason was to get farmers to grow them for domestic use and as a possible cash crop for export to England. Soybeans are produced in three locations in northern Ghana: Nyanklapa in the northern region, Manga in upper eastern part and Bawku in the upper west region.

The following are varieties of Ghana soybeans;

1. DPSB 19 it has an early maturing period of 3 to 4 years and has the highest protein content 40 %.
2. Kensoy 009 it has a maturity period of 4 to 5 years and is the highest seed yielder compared to DPSB 19.
3. DPSB 8 it has a high protein content compared to Kensoy 009 and yields more than the DPSB 19
4. Tax 1448-2E it has 40 % protein and 20 % oil suitable for industrial use. It is high yielding field resistance to pod shattering and killer to the Stiga weed that hinders crop performance and yields.

Ghana Soybeans are grown well-drained loamy soils with good water holding capacity and can tolerate a low pH than most legumes. Ghana soybeans are planted in the last week of June to the first week of July. It is then harvested 120 days later in the months of September and October. Mostly it is grown in northern parts of Ghana where there is the warm growing season, ample water and sunlight. Soybeans are harvested when 90 % of the pods turn yellow or dry. Delaying harvesting beyond this period leads to shattering of seeds, especially in late-planted Soybeans, the seeds which are ready when the weather is completely dry. Harvesting can take place manually with sickle, cutlass or hoe. Harvesting the crop mechanically is well suited at a time about 90 % of soybean pods are yellow to enable easy threshing and winnowing.

Soybeans are generally transported bulk cargo packed in 90 kgs woven plastic bags stored in a room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Ghana exports soybeans to other African countries, especially South Africa and Europe. The rest is consumed locally.

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